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Using tests with destruents for ecotoxicological evaluation of soil quality
Rábová, Petra ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine the dehydrogenase activity of matrix samples that can enter the environment and the use of ecotoxicological tests to assess the quality of the affected soil. The effects of sludge, biochar samples, two landfill samples and a sediment sample were monitored. Ecotoxicology included tests on decomposers - tests of avoidance behavior (Eisenia fetida and Folsomia candida), acute, chronic and reproductive toxicity tests (Eisenia fetida) and Lactuca sativa root growth inhibition tests. The results indicate that dehydrogenase activity assays serve as a suitable complement to ecotoxicological tests. They provide valuable additional information on soil quality and sample effect after application to soil. The sediment sample had the least favorable effect on the activity of the enzyme and the vitality of the organisms, both in the determination of dehydrogenase activity and in ecotoxicological tests. Furthermore, it was found that biochar as a product of sewage sludge treatment is less toxic to organisms than the original sludge.
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Impact of uncoventional technologies of soil cultivation on soil quality
Suchá, Kateřina ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Agricultural land is being handled by various tillage of soil which affects properties of soil. There are two types of tillage treatment. These are conventional (classic) tillage with plowing and minimization tillage (plowing is excluded). The aim of this particular work is to assess the quality of the soil near the village of Bohaté Málkovice, which is being (long-term) handled by minimization tillage. As indicators of soil quality, we used selected physical and physico-chemical characteristics, which are determined from analysis of disturbed and undisturbed soil samples from the top soil layer (0-10 cm) by standard methods in laboratory conditions. The theoretical part describes the basic physical properties of the soil and the ways of their determination. The practical part is devoted to the presentation of the examined locality and the results of selected physical and physico-chemical properties of the soil are presented and subsequently evaluated. In the conclusion, the impact of used tillage in Bohaté Málkovice on the selected soil properties is assessed.
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Development of methods for fast soil analysis
Křivánková, Zuzana ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
The submitted diploma thesis aims to extend the use of thermogravimetry for the analysis of organic C and total N contents in soils. The advantages of thermogravimetry in comparison to conventional analytical methods are that it is a versatile technique that provides fast analysis, does not require sample pretreatment and chemicals– and can be used for the analysis of various soil types. The research work performed so far showed correlations between thermogravimetric data and some soil properties. In the past, intact soils exposed to 76% relative humidity (RH) were analyzed by thermogravimetry for these purposes. However, this humidity is problematic to achieve and maintain for most thermogravimeters. Recent work has shown that correlations can be observed in agricultural land exposed to lower RH. Therefore, it can be assumed that a correlation between TG data exists in soils exposed to any RH. TG could then be used to analyze soil properties under any known RH conditions. The aim of this work was to verify this hypothesis and try to incorporate knowledge of RH into the relationships between TG and soil properties. For this reason, intact soils exposed to the relative humidity of 30, 55, and 76% were analyzed in this work. It was demonstrated the dependence between organic C content and mass loss between 320 and 330°C as well as total nitrogen content and mass loss between 410 and 420°C independently of relative humidity. Based on that knowledge, we have derived equations enabling determination of the content of organic C and total N for RH ranging 43% - 76% using mass losses and knowledge of RH. Nevertheless, due to the low number of tested RH, the equations are still only preliminary and need to be improved by analyzing soil samples at a larger number of RH.
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Assessment of soil quality processed with conventional tillage in the selected site in the Olomouc region
Drlíková, Barbora ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Diploma thesis documents the problems of soil quality, which is assessed on the basis of physical, chemical or biological indicators of soil quality. The paper describes the various indicators, its methodology and evaluation. In the practical part evaluates the quality of soil cultivated with the traditional way - using plowing. The experimental area, where the samples were taken from the soil, lies in the Olomouc region in the municipality Šumvald. Evaluated were selected physical, chemical and physico-chemical properties of soil, e.g. particle size distribution, bulk density, porosity, air capacity, hydrolimits, pH, carbonates, humus content and salinity of the soil.
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Revitalizace zemědělských půd
Vavřina, Jan
From the beginning of agriculture, an important soil-forming factor begins to take shape, and that is man. Human activity changes soil properties in favor of only one soil function, and that is plant growth (production, yield). However, these changes reduce the variability of soil properties, which are subsequently degraded and thus further disrupt the entire agroecosystem. New procedures, principles and agrotechnical measures that help to revitalize the soil are gradually being implemented across the world. These changes in the way agricultural land is managed take advantage of mutual ecological interactions that help to fulfill basic soil functions and provide ecosystem services. In the practical part of the work, two soils with different degrees of revitalization were compared. These soils were compared in relative values to the control soil, which was little affected by agricultural activities. The results show that agricultural soils have a lower stability of soil aggregates, bulk density, ammonium form N content, and SOM content compared to the control soil. At the same time, however, a higher respiration rate was recorded, which was influenced by tillage by taking soil samples.
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Using tests with destruents for ecotoxicological evaluation of soil quality
Rábová, Petra ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine the dehydrogenase activity of matrix samples that can enter the environment and the use of ecotoxicological tests to assess the quality of the affected soil. The effects of sludge, biochar samples, two landfill samples and a sediment sample were monitored. Ecotoxicology included tests on decomposers - tests of avoidance behavior (Eisenia fetida and Folsomia candida), acute, chronic and reproductive toxicity tests (Eisenia fetida) and Lactuca sativa root growth inhibition tests. The results indicate that dehydrogenase activity assays serve as a suitable complement to ecotoxicological tests. They provide valuable additional information on soil quality and sample effect after application to soil. The sediment sample had the least favorable effect on the activity of the enzyme and the vitality of the organisms, both in the determination of dehydrogenase activity and in ecotoxicological tests. Furthermore, it was found that biochar as a product of sewage sludge treatment is less toxic to organisms than the original sludge.
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Development of methods for fast soil analysis
Křivánková, Zuzana ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
The submitted diploma thesis aims to extend the use of thermogravimetry for the analysis of organic C and total N contents in soils. The advantages of thermogravimetry in comparison to conventional analytical methods are that it is a versatile technique that provides fast analysis, does not require sample pretreatment and chemicals– and can be used for the analysis of various soil types. The research work performed so far showed correlations between thermogravimetric data and some soil properties. In the past, intact soils exposed to 76% relative humidity (RH) were analyzed by thermogravimetry for these purposes. However, this humidity is problematic to achieve and maintain for most thermogravimeters. Recent work has shown that correlations can be observed in agricultural land exposed to lower RH. Therefore, it can be assumed that a correlation between TG data exists in soils exposed to any RH. TG could then be used to analyze soil properties under any known RH conditions. The aim of this work was to verify this hypothesis and try to incorporate knowledge of RH into the relationships between TG and soil properties. For this reason, intact soils exposed to the relative humidity of 30, 55, and 76% were analyzed in this work. It was demonstrated the dependence between organic C content and mass loss between 320 and 330°C as well as total nitrogen content and mass loss between 410 and 420°C independently of relative humidity. Based on that knowledge, we have derived equations enabling determination of the content of organic C and total N for RH ranging 43% - 76% using mass losses and knowledge of RH. Nevertheless, due to the low number of tested RH, the equations are still only preliminary and need to be improved by analyzing soil samples at a larger number of RH.
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Impact of uncoventional technologies of soil cultivation on soil quality
Suchá, Kateřina ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Agricultural land is being handled by various tillage of soil which affects properties of soil. There are two types of tillage treatment. These are conventional (classic) tillage with plowing and minimization tillage (plowing is excluded). The aim of this particular work is to assess the quality of the soil near the village of Bohaté Málkovice, which is being (long-term) handled by minimization tillage. As indicators of soil quality, we used selected physical and physico-chemical characteristics, which are determined from analysis of disturbed and undisturbed soil samples from the top soil layer (0-10 cm) by standard methods in laboratory conditions. The theoretical part describes the basic physical properties of the soil and the ways of their determination. The practical part is devoted to the presentation of the examined locality and the results of selected physical and physico-chemical properties of the soil are presented and subsequently evaluated. In the conclusion, the impact of used tillage in Bohaté Málkovice on the selected soil properties is assessed.
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The Quality of soil AND DEGRADATION OF SOILS. THE CASE - STUDY OF SOME ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
Poništiak, Štefan ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Zádorová, Tereza (referee)
This diploma thesis inquires into the quality of the soils at 30 archaeological sites from the periods from Late Bronze Age to Early Bronze Age (1 250 - 450 BC). The aim of the thesis is to prove the dependence of the ratio of the cultivated cereals on the soil and other environmental factors in various regions. The secondary aim is the general observation of the changes, which could appear from this period until now. These changes are represented by the erosion, researched by various methods. The overview of the literature aims to the short description of the archaeological sources from the period, various approaches to the soil evaluation until present as well as information about the soil erosion and tools for its research. The conclusion of the thesis is that the ratio of the cultivated cereals depends mostly on the sea level, secondly on other environmental factors (included the soil quality). The results of the thesis are influenced by number of factors, discussed in the conclusion Keywords: soil quality, cereals, archaeological sites, perimeter of kilometre, soil erosion, late bronze age, early iron age
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